NNESTs’ Professional Identity in the Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Classrooms

Authors

  • Kim Hyunsook Song University of Missouri - St. Louis
  • Alla Gonzalez Del Castillo University of Missouri - St. Louis

https://doi.org/10.4471/ijep.2015.03

Keywords:


Downloads

Abstract

This study examines NNESTs’ professional identities as classroom teachers by analyzing NNESTS’ perceptions of their strengths and challenges. The study contributes to NNESTs forming their professional identity by recognizing, developing, and contesting authoritative discourse. A basic qualitative research design is employed to analyze the interview data. Participants are five NNESTs who teach in American classrooms. Three focused themes are identified; linguistic competence, cross-cultural competence, and pedagogical competence. NNEST superiority fallacy is added as the fourth theme. Additionally, the study briefly compares strengths and challenges of U.S. versus foreign graduates. NNESTs’ strengths and challenges are reported in line with other NNEST researchers: dual-language acquisition and cross-cultural experience, grammar knowledge, linguistic theories, and coping strategies as strengths, poor command of English language, lack of sociocultural strategies, and lack of confidence as weaknesses. New findings include NNESTs’ confidence as effective teachers with accent, intellectual competence in theories, and stronger credentials. This study asserts that the NNESTs’ multilingual and multicultural backgrounds can become valuable assets with less linguistic prejudice, and the need for a policy that provides the benchmark to measure their credentials rather than depending on biased assumptions. Suggestions to shape NNESTs’ professional identity are provided

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Kim Hyunsook Song, University of Missouri - St. Louis

Associate Professor

Division of Teaching and Learning

Alla Gonzalez Del Castillo, University of Missouri - St. Louis

Teaching and Learning Division, a PhD Candidate

References

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) (1996). ACTFL proficiency scale. Retrieved from http://www.languagetesting.com/actfl-proficiency-scale

Google Scholar Crossref

Amin, N. (1997). Race and the identity of the nonnative ESL teacher. TESOL Quarterly, 31, 580-583.

Google Scholar Crossref

Braine, G. (1999). Nonnative educators in English language teaching. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Google Scholar Crossref

Brutt-Griffler, J., & Samimy, K. (1999). Revisiting the colonial in the

Google Scholar Crossref

postcolonial: Critical praxis for non-native-English-speaking teachers in a

Google Scholar Crossref

TESOL program. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 413–431.

Google Scholar Crossref

Butler, Y. (2007). How do young learners perceive nonnative-English-speaking teachers? TESOL Quarterly, 41(4), 731-755.

Google Scholar Crossref

Canagarajah, S. (1999). Interrogating the “native speaker fallacy”: Non-linguistic roots, non-pedagogical results. In G. Braine (Ed.), Non-native educators in English language teaching. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Google Scholar Crossref

Clark, E., and Paran, A. (2007). The employability of non-native speaker teachers of EFL: A UK survey. System, 35(4), 407-430.

Google Scholar Crossref

Cook, V. (2005). Basing teaching on the L2 user. In E. Llurda (Ed.), Non-native language teachers: Perceptions, challenges, and contributions to the profession (pp. 47-61). New York: Springer.

Google Scholar Crossref

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Google Scholar Crossref

Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power, and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. New York: Multilingual Matters Ltd.

Google Scholar Crossref

Derwing, T. M., and Munro, M. J. (1997). Accent, intelligibility, and comprehensibility. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19(1), 1-16.

Google Scholar Crossref

Echevarria, J., Vogt, M., and Short, D. (2008). Making content comprehensible for English learners: The SIOP model. New York: Pearson.

Google Scholar Crossref

Golombek, P., & Jordan, S. (2005). Becoming ‘black lambs’ not ‘parrots’: A

Google Scholar Crossref

poststructuralist orientation to intelligibility and identity. TESOL Quarterly,

Google Scholar Crossref

, 513–533.

Google Scholar Crossref

Gómez, L, Freeman, L., and Freeman, Y. (2005). Dual language education: A promising 50-50 model. Bilingual Research Journal, 29(1), 145-164.

Google Scholar Crossref

Green, A., and Preston, J. (2005). Editorial: Speaking in tongues – diversity in mixed

Google Scholar Crossref

methods research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(3), 167-171.

Google Scholar Crossref

Hadley, A. O. (2001). Teaching language in context (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Heinle and Heinle.

Google Scholar Crossref

Holliday, A. (2005). The struggle to teach English as an international language.

Google Scholar Crossref

Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Ilieva, R. (2010). Non-native English-speaking teachers’ negotiations of program discourses in their construction of professional identities within TESOL program. Canadian Modern Language Review, 66(3), 343-369.

Google Scholar Crossref

Kachru, B. (1985). The alchemy of English: The spread, functions and models of non- native Englishes. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd.

Google Scholar Crossref

Kamhi-Stein, L. (1999). Preparing the non-native professionals in TESOL: Implications for teacher education programs. In G. Braine (Ed.), Nonnative educators in English language teaching (pp. 145-158). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Google Scholar Crossref

Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes: Implication for international communication and English language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Kirkpatrick, A. (2006). Teaching English across cultures. What do English language teachers need to know to know how to teach English? A paper presented at the English Australia Conference, September, Perth, and Western Australia.

Google Scholar Crossref

Lippi-Green, R. (1997). English with an accent: Language, ideology, and discrimination in the United States. New York: Rutledge.

Google Scholar Crossref

Liu, D. (1998). Ethnocentrism in TESOL: Teacher education and the neglected

Google Scholar Crossref

needs of international TESOL students. ELT Journal, 52, 3–10.

Google Scholar Crossref

Llurda, E. (2004). Non-native-speaker teachers and English as an international language. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(3), 314-323.

Google Scholar Crossref

Llurda, E., and Huguet, A. (2003). Self-awareness in NNS EFL primary and secondary school teachers. Language Awareness, 13, 220-235.

Google Scholar Crossref

Ma, L. P. F. (2012). Strengths and weaknesses of NESTs and NNESTs: Perceptions of NNESTs in Hong Kong. Linguistics and Education, 23, 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.linged.2011.09.005

Google Scholar Crossref

Madrid, D., and Perez Canado, M. (2004). Teacher and student conferences of native and nonnative foreign language teachers. Porta Linguarum, 2, 125-138.

Google Scholar Crossref

Maum, R. (2002). Nonnative English-speaking teachers in the English teaching profession. Eric Digest. Retrieved from http://www.cal.org/resources/digest/digest_pdfs/0209maum.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

McDonald, R., and Kasule, D. (2005). The monitor hypothesis and English teachers in Botswana: Problems, varieties and implications for language teacher education. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 18(2), 118-200.

Google Scholar Crossref

Medgyes, P. (1994). The non-native teacher. London: Macmillan.

Google Scholar Crossref

Medgyes, P. (2001). When the teacher is a non-native speaker. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, 5, 429-442.

Google Scholar Crossref

Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Wiley.

Google Scholar Crossref

Morita, N. (2000). Discourse socialization through oral classroom activities in a

Google Scholar Crossref

TESL graduate program. TESOL Quarterly, 34, 279–310.

Google Scholar Crossref

Moussu, L. (2006). Native and nonnative English-speaking English as second language teachers: Students’ attitudes, teacher self-perceptions, and Intensive English administrator beliefs and practices. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.

Google Scholar Crossref

Moussu, L., and Llurda, E. (2008). Nonnative English-speaking English language teachers: History and research. Language Teaching, 41(3), 315-348.

Google Scholar Crossref

Norton, B. (2000). Identity and language learning: Gender, ethnicity and educational

Google Scholar Crossref

change. London: Longman.

Google Scholar Crossref

Patton, Q. P. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

Google Scholar Crossref

Pavlenko, A. (2003). ‘I never knew I was bilingual’: Reimagining teacher

Google Scholar Crossref

identities in TESOL. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 2, 251–268.

Google Scholar Crossref

Phillipson, R. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Phillipson, R. (1996). ELT: The native speaker’s burden. In T. Hedge and N. Whitney (Eds.), Power, pedagogy and practice (pp. 23-30). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Rajagopalan, K. (2005). Non–native speaker teachers of English and their

Google Scholar Crossref

anxieties. In E. Llurda (Ed.), Non-native language teachers: Perceptions,

Google Scholar Crossref

challenges and contributions to the profession (pp. 283–304). New York:

Google Scholar Crossref

Springer.

Google Scholar Crossref

Rao, Z. (2002). Chinese students’ perceptions of communicative and non-communicative activities in EFL classroom. ELSEVIER, 30(1), 85-105.

Google Scholar Crossref

Reis, D. S. (2011). “I am not alone”: Empowering non-native English-speaking teachers to challenge the native speaker myth. In Johnson, K E., and P. R. Golombek (Eds.), Research on second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective on professional development (pp. 31-49). New York: Routledge.

Google Scholar Crossref

Reves, T., and Medgyes, P. (1994). The non-native English speaking EFL/ESL teacher’s self image: An international survey. System, 22(3), 353-357.

Google Scholar Crossref

Stake, R. E. (2010). Qualitative research: Studying how things work. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Subtirelu, N. (2011). Juggling identity and authority: A case study of one non-native instructor of English. TESL-EJ, 15(3). Retrieved from http://www.teslej.org/wordpress/issues/volume15/ej59/ej59a2/

Google Scholar Crossref

Tang, C. (1997). On the power and status of non-native ESL teachers. TESOL Quarterly, 31, 577-580.

Google Scholar Crossref

Varghese, M., Morgan, B., Johnston, B., & Johnson, K. (2005). Theorizing

Google Scholar Crossref

language teacher identity: Three perspectives and beyond. Journal of

Google Scholar Crossref

Language, Identity, and Education, 4, 21–44.

Google Scholar Crossref

Downloads

Published

2015-02-24

Almetric

Dimensions

How to Cite

Song, K. H., & Gonzalez Del Castillo, A. (2015). NNESTs’ Professional Identity in the Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Classrooms. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 4(1), 54–83. https://doi.org/10.4471/ijep.2015.03

Issue

Section

Articles