Networked Gatekeeping and Networked Framing on Twitter Protests in Mexico about the Ayotzinapa Case
Keywords:
Downloads
Abstract
This research focuses on a Twitter protest about the disappearance of 43 students in Mexico in 2014 known as the Ayotzinapa case which used the hashtag #PaseDeLista1al43. Social network analysis, interviews and thematic analyses of 3,616 tweets were conducted to investigate how networked gatekeeping and networked framing processes occurred within this networked public. Results show that on this digital protest, elite and non-elite Twitter users were in charge of gatekeeping activities, collaborating to maintain the discussion of the topic of the missing students. The analysis of frames revealed that the protest sought to: humanize the case emphasizing the life of the students; assign responsibility; and portray itself as a way to take an active role and coping emotionally with the disappearance. This works contributes to the literature on networked publics, combining network analysis with interviews to look beyond the digital footprint of the protest to listen to the perspectives of protesters, providing an insight into the dynamics of gatekeeping and framing within a network. Given the porosity, openness, and permanence of Twitter, results from such collaborative relationship of elite and non-elite voices to protest about an issue are now harder to ignore in the public sphere.Downloads
References
Borgatti, S., Mehra, A., Brass, D., & Labianca, G. (2009). Network analysis in the social sciences. Science, 323(5916), 892-895. doi: 10.1126/science.1165821
Google Scholar CrossrefBoyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar Crossrefboyd, d. (2010). Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications. In Z. Papacharissi (Ed.) A networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites (pp. 39-58). New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar CrossrefBuendia, S. [Buendia_Tunel]. (2015, September 27). #México Recuerden ... Nos faltan #43 y miles mas Que nuestra voz sea escuchada al #PaseDeLista1al43 @epigmenioibarra [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://www.twitter.com/Buendia_Tunel/status/647966033102303232
Google Scholar CrossrefCadena, M. [mtzpantiga]. (2015b, September 27). @epigmenioibarra hoy más que nunca me UNO y digo PRESENTE en el #PaseDeLista1Al43 pues NO PERDONO, NO OLVIDO Y NO LO SUPERO [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://www.twitter.com/1404mati/status/647963170657595392
Google Scholar CrossrefEntman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Google Scholar CrossrefErnste, T. (2014). The networked gatekeeping process for news in the 21st century. In G. Fox & W. Smari (Eds.), Collaboration Technologies and Systems International Conference. 2014 (CTS 2014) (pp. 11-18). Minneapolis, MN: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE).
Google Scholar CrossrefGasé, M. [marisolgase]. (2015, January 28). Cada día q hago #PaseDeLista1al43 siento + y más tristeza! Hay q hacer esta reflexión todos los días! Y hacer más! Gracias @epigmenioibarra [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/marisolgase/status/557034196762624001
Google Scholar CrossrefGlaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company.
Google Scholar CrossrefGraham, R., & Smith, S. (2016). The content of our #characters: Black Twitter as counterpublic. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 2(4), 433-449. doi: 10.1177/2332649216639067
Google Scholar CrossrefHansen, D., Shneiderman, B., & Smith, M. (2011). Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL: Insights from a connected world. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kauffman.
Google Scholar CrossrefHanneman, R. A., & Riddle, M. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California.
Google Scholar CrossrefHimelboim, I., Smith, M.A., Lee, R., Shneiderman, B., & Espina, C. (2017). Classifying Twitter topic-networks using social network analysis. Social Media + Society, 1-13. doi: 10.1177/2056305117691545
Google Scholar CrossrefIto, M. (2008). Introduction. In K. Vernelis (Ed.), Networked Publics (pp. 1-14). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefJackson, S., & Foucault Welles, B. (2015). Hijacking #myNYPD: Social media dissent and networked counterpublics. Journal of Communication, 65(6), 932-952. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12185
Google Scholar CrossrefJiang, M., Leeman, R., & Fu, K. (2016). Networked framing: chinese microbloggers’ framing of the political discourse at the 2012 Democratic national convention. Communication Reports, 29(2), 87-99. doi: 10.1080/08934215.2015.1098715
Google Scholar Crossreflapoliticamexico [mxlapolitica]. (2016, September 29). DeniseDresserG: Aquí #PaseDeLista1al43 para protestar contra el país de fosas en el que nos hemos convertido. epig... [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://www.twitter.com/mxlapolitica/status/781317877257338880
Google Scholar CrossrefLeung, D., & Lee, F. (2014). Cultivating an active online counterpublic: Examining usage and political impact of Internet alternative media. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 19(3), 340-359. doi: 10.1177/1940161214530787
Google Scholar CrossrefLupton, D. (2015). Digital Sociology. New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar CrossrefMeraz, S., & Papacharissi, Z. (2013). Networked gatekeeping and networked framing on #egypt. International Journal of Press and Politics, 18(2), 139–166. doi: 10.1177/1940161212474472
Google Scholar CrossrefNeuman, W.R., Guggenheim, L., Jang, S.M., Bae, S.Y. (2014). The dynamics of public attention: Agenda-setting theory meets big data. Journal of Communication, 64, 193-214. doi: 10.1111/jcom.12088
Google Scholar CrossrefNikunen, K. (2018). From irony to solidarity: Affective practice and social media activism. Studies of Transition States and Societies, 10(2), 10-21.
Google Scholar CrossrefNip, J., & Fu, K. (2016). Networked framing between source posts and their reposts: an analysis of public opinion on China's microblogs. Information, Communication & Society, 19(8), 1127-1149, doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2015.1104372
Google Scholar CrossrefPapacharissi, Z. (2014). Affective publics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefPapacharissi, Z. (2016). Affective publics and structures of storytelling: sentiment, events and mediality. Information, Communication & Society, 19(3), 307-324. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2015.1109697
Google Scholar CrossrefPapacharissi, Z., & De Fatima Oliveira, M. (2012). Affective news and networked publics: The rhythms of news storytelling on #Egypt. Journal of Communication, 62(2), 266–282. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01630.x
Google Scholar CrossrefPöyhtäri, R., Nelimarkka, M., Nikunen, K., Ojala, M., Pantti, M., & Pääkkonen, J. (2019). Refugee debate and networked framing in the hybrid media environment. The International Communication Gazette, 1-22. doi: 10.1177/1748048519883520
Google Scholar CrossrefSAGM [adriana_morquec]. (2015, September 30). @epigmenioibarra que mi voz sea para mantener viva la esperanza que los padres siguen buscando hasta encontralos PaseDeLista1al43 10pm [Tweet]. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/adriana_morquec/status/649393655405416449
Google Scholar CrossrefSánchez-Reyna [huber_sr]. (2015, September 30). Desbordamos las calles. Desbordemos ahora la red.Vs el olvido y el silencio PaseDeLista1al43 10pm Quien y x q se.. fb.me/6mhvFrTZL [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://www.twitter.com/huber_sr/status/649023539434123265
Google Scholar CrossrefScheufele, D.A., & Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, agenda-setting, and priming: the evolution of three media-effects models. Journal of Communication, 57, 9-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00326.x
Google Scholar CrossrefSegerberg, A., & Bennett, L. (2011). Social media and the organization of collective action: using Twitter to explore the ecologies of two climate change protests. The Communication Review, 14(3), 197-215. doi: 10.1080/10714421.2011.597250
Google Scholar CrossrefShoemaker, P., & Vos, T. (2009). Gatekeeping theory. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Google Scholar CrossrefSoto, A. [sotocardio]. (2015, September 29). @epigmenioibarra #PaseDeLista1al43 + lo mas de 25000 desaparecidos de este país de impunidad. #NiPerdónNiOlvido. [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://www.twitter.com/alexgonzalezgdl/status/780930830973542402
Google Scholar Crossreftrota mundos [trotami]. (2015, January 19). @epigmenioibarra para exigir justicia y recordar a nuestros hermanos , no hay tiempos ni horarios..estaremos atentos al #PaseDeLista1al43 [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://www.twitter.com/trotami/status/561009781859561472
Google Scholar CrossrefXu, W., & Feng, M. (2014). Talking to the Broadcasters on Twitter: Networked Gatekeeping in Twitter Conversations with Journalists. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 58(3), 420-437, doi: 10.1080/08838151.2014.935853
Google Scholar CrossrefYagaxovich [yagaxo]. (2016, October 1). El 44 puedes ser tú, yo o tus familiares cercanos #PaseDeLista1al43 [Tweet]. Retrieved from http://www.twitter.com/yagaxo/status/78241436300925
Google Scholar CrossrefDownloads
Published
Metrics
Almetric
Dimensions
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles are published under Creative Commons copyright (CC BY). Authors hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles as the original source is cited.
