“A Real Man Cries”: A Scoping of Filipino Masculinities Construction in Tweets

Authors

  • John Erwin Bañez University of the Philippines - Diliman College of Social Work and Community Development

https://doi.org/10.17583/mcs.8634

Keywords:


Downloads

Abstract

Online content can be a rich source of information on current constructions of masculinities and much can be explored on the digital’s role in masculinities construction (Light, 2013). This study compares and contrasts our current literature on masculinities with empirical qualitative data – that is, Filipino tweets. To do this, I analyzed tweets containing the phrase “ang tunay na lalake” (the real man) and the hashtag “#angtunaynalalake”. Using qualitative content analysis, the following themes were generated: 1) Romance and Masculinities which highlights heteronormativity of romantic context and the concept of “more deserving real man” – a construct produced through networked masculinity and within the context of fandom and bigotry; 2) Masculine Capital – highlights how rites of passage, specifically circumcision, can be overshadowed by masculine capital to the point that failing to meet the required masculine capital would render one as ‘de-circumcised’; and lastly, 3) Online Resistance to Hegemonic Masculinity – shows the use of jokes, sarcasm, and confrontation in questioning hegemonic masculinity. The results show both concern and hope for gender advocacy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

John Erwin Bañez, University of the Philippines - Diliman College of Social Work and Community Development

Assistant Professor at the University of the Philippines - Diliman

College of Social Work and Community Development

References

Aguiling-Dalisay, G., Van-Haughten, L.N. and Sto. Domingo, M. (1995). "Ang

Google Scholar Crossref

pagkalalaki ayon sa mga lalaki: pag-aaral sa tatlong grupong kultural sa Pilipinas". Philippine Social Science Review 52:143-166. https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pssr/article/view/1718

Google Scholar Crossref

Ancheta, M.R.G. (2011). Halakhak: Defining the national in the humor of Philippine popular culture. Thammasat Review, 14(1), 35-60. http://tujournals.tu.ac.th/thammasatreview/detailart.aspx?ArticleID=102

Google Scholar Crossref

Angeles, L. (2001). The Filipino male as ‘macho-machunurin’: Bringing men and masculinities in

Google Scholar Crossref

gender and development studies. Kasarinlan Journal of Third World Studies 16(1):9-30. https://www.journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/kasarinlan/article/view/1073

Google Scholar Crossref

Allen, L. (2004). ‘Getting off’ and ‘going out’: young people’s conceptions of (hetero)sexual relationships. Health and Sexuality, 6(6), 463-481. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.24.2.225

Google Scholar Crossref

Allen, L. (2007). “Sensitive and real macho all the same time”. Young heterosexual men and romance. Men and Masculinities, 10(2), 137-152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X05284221

Google Scholar Crossref

Aresta, M., Pedro, L., Santos, C., & Moreira, A. (2015). Portraying the self in online contexts: context-driven and user-driven online identity profiles. Contemporary Social Science, 10(1), 70-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2014.980840

Google Scholar Crossref

Bourgois, P. (1995). In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808562

Google Scholar Crossref

boyd, D. (2008). Why youth <3 social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingham (Ed.), Youth, identity, and digital media (pp. 119–142). The MIT Press. https://www.danah.org/papers/WhyYouthHeart.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

Connell, R. & Messerschmidt, J. (2005). "Hegemonic masculinity: rethinking the concept." Gender & Society 19(6):829-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639

Google Scholar Crossref

Duncombe, J., & Marsden, D. (1993). Love and intimacy: the gender division of emotion and ‘emotion work’: a neglected aspect of sociological discussion of heterosexual relationships. Sociology, 27(2), 221-241. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42855173

Google Scholar Crossref

Elliot, K. (2016). Caring masculinities: theorizing an emerging concept. Men and Masculinities, 19(3), 240-259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X15576203

Google Scholar Crossref

Fajardo, K. 2013. Transportation. Translating Filipino and Filipino American tomboy masculinities through global migration and seafaring. In S. Stryker & A. Aizura (Eds.), The Transgender Studies Reader 2 (pp.527-540). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-2007-039

Google Scholar Crossref

Flores, A. (n.d.). Real men don’t buy girls. Let’s talk: men in the fight. Dressember. https://www.dressember.org/blog/meninthefight

Google Scholar Crossref

Ging, D. (2017). Alphas, betas, and incels: theorizing the masculinities of the manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17706401

Google Scholar Crossref

Hanlon, N. (2012). Masculinities, Care and Equality: Identity and Nurture in Men’s Lives.

Google Scholar Crossref

Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137264879

Google Scholar Crossref

Hongladarom, S. (2011). Personal identity and the self in the online and offline world. Minds and Machines, 21, 533-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-011-9255-x

Google Scholar Crossref

Humphreys, S. & Vered, K. (2014). Reflecting on gender and digital networked media. Television and new Media, 15(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476413502682

Google Scholar Crossref

Kearney, M. (no date). Intro to rtweet: Collecting twitter data. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rtweet/vignettes/intro.html

Google Scholar Crossref

Kimmel, M. (2001). Global masculinities: restoration and resistance. In B. Pease and K. Pringle (Eds.), Man's world? Changing men's practices in a globalized world (Pp.21-37). Zed Books. https://docplayer.net/41888884-Global-masculinities-restoration-and-resistance.html

Google Scholar Crossref

Light, B. (2013). Networked masculinities and social networking sites: a call for the analysis of men and contemporary digital. Masculinities and Social Change, 2 (3), 245-265. https://doi.org/10.4471/MCS.2013.34

Google Scholar Crossref

Margold, J. (1995). Narratives of masculinity and transnational migration: Filipino workers in the Middle East. In A. Ong and M. C. Peletz (Eds.), Bewitching women, pious men: gender and body politics in Southeast Asia (pp.76-123). Washington: Berg Publishers.

Google Scholar Crossref

https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520915343-012

Google Scholar Crossref

Majors, R., & Billson, J. M. (1993). Cool pose: The dilemmas of black manhood in America. New York, NY, US: Touchstone Books/Simon & Schuster. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1995-97721-000

Google Scholar Crossref

Man Up to Stop Violence Against Women: Burundi. (n.d.). Young African Leaders Initiative. https://yali.state.gov/man-up-to-stop-violence-against-women-burundi/

Google Scholar Crossref

Manalansan IV, M. (2004). The border between bakla and gay. In Global Divas. Filipino Gay Men in the Diaspora. Durham: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12101tn

Google Scholar Crossref

McQueen, F. (2017). Male emotionality: ‘boys don’t cry’ versus it’s good to talk’. NORMA: International Journal For Masculinity Studies, 12(3-4), 205-219. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2017.1336877

Google Scholar Crossref

Nadal, K. L., & Corpus, M. J. H. (2013). “Tomboys” and “baklas”: Experiences of lesbian and gay Filipino Americans. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(3), 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030168

Google Scholar Crossref

Nguyen, N-M. (2016). “I tweet like a white person tbh! #whitewashed”: Examining the language of internalized racism and the policing of ethnic identity on Twitter. Social Semiotics, 26(5), 505-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2015.1126046

Google Scholar Crossref

PettyJohn, M. E., Muzzey, F. K., Maas, M. K., & McCauley, H. L. (2019). #HowIWillChange: Engaging men and boys in the #MeToo movement. Psychology of Men & Masculinities, 20(4), 612–622. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000186

Google Scholar Crossref

Pascoe, C. (2007). Dude you're a fag. Adolescent homophobia. In dude you're a fag. Masculinity and sexuality in high school. (Pp.52-83) Berkeley: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520950696-005

Google Scholar Crossref

Rubio, R. & Green, R-J. (2011). Filipino men’s roles and their correlates. Development of the Filipino adherence to masculinity expectations scale. Culture, Society & Masculinities, 3(2), 77-102. https://doi.org/10.3149/csm.0302.77

Google Scholar Crossref

Schreier, M. (2014). Qualitative content analysis. In U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of qualitative data analysis (pp. 170-183). SAGE Publications, Inc. https:// doi.org/10.4135/9781446282243.n12

Google Scholar Crossref

Siibak, A. (2010). Constructing masculinity on a social networking site. The case study of visual self-representations of young men on the profile images of SNS Rate. Young. Nordic Journal of Youth Research, 18(4), 403-425. https://doi.org/10.1177/110330881001800403

Google Scholar Crossref

Talbot, K., & Quayle, M. (2010). The perils of being a nice guy: contextual variation in five young women’s constructions of acceptable hegemonic and alternative masculinities. Men and Masculinities, 13(2), 255-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X09350408

Google Scholar Crossref

Terras, M., Ramsay, J., & Boyle, E. (2015). Digital media production and identity: Insights from a psychological perspective. E-Learning and Digital Media, 12(2), 128-146. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753014568179

Google Scholar Crossref

twitter.developer.com. (no date). “Standard search API”. https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/tweets/search/api-reference/get-search-tweets.html

Google Scholar Crossref

Vasquez del Aguila, E. (2014). The early years: becoming a man and masculine capital. In Being a man in a trans-national world: The masculinity and sexuality of migration (pp.65-88) New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315886565

Google Scholar Crossref

Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816–1836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.012

Google Scholar Crossref

Downloads

Published

2021-10-21

Almetric

Dimensions

How to Cite

Bañez, J. E. (2021). “A Real Man Cries”: A Scoping of Filipino Masculinities Construction in Tweets. Masculinities &Amp; Social Change, 10(3), 216–241. https://doi.org/10.17583/mcs.8634

Issue

Section

Articles