Representations about Emotions and Masculinity in Bogota Males
https://doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2021.7319
Keywords:
Downloads
Abstract
This article aims to identify the content and organization of social representations about the concept of emotions and masculinity of young Bogota men, from a qualitative study design in the light of social representations through associative techniques such as free listings and questionnaires. In comparison by pairs to 20 young men with employment in Bogotá, Colombia, by means of proactive sampling and convenience, the analysis was carried out in the light of graph theory, after identifying the distance index. It was found that the social representation of the emotion concept is related to a feeling associated to success and motivation, as well as to emotional expressions such as: anger, joy, sadness and happiness. The masculinity concept is permeated by hegemonic elements, linked to strength, power, domination and manhood, related to responsibility and work. It is concluded that the social representation of the concepts of masculinity and emotion is diverse, it is reconciled in several peripheral elements which can be fractured and generate mobility in social representation recognizing the mandates of hegemonic masculinity and male stereotypes.
Downloads
References
Abric, J.C. (2001). Prácticas y representaciones sociales. México: Ediciones Coyoacán.
Google Scholar CrossrefArroyo-Rueda, M.C., & Soto-Alanís, L.E. (2013). La dimensión emocional del cuidado en la vejez: la mirada de los adultos mayores. Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, 26(2):337-347.
Google Scholar CrossrefBanchs, M. A. (2000). Aproximaciones procesuales y estructurales al estudio de las representaciones sociales. Papers on social representations, 9, (3.1)-3-15. http://www.psych.lse.ac.uk/psr/
Google Scholar CrossrefBennett, E., & Gough, B. (2013). In pursuit of leanness: the management of appearance, affect and masculinities within a men's weight loss forum. Sage Journals, 17(3), 284-299. http://doi:10.1177/1363459312454149
Google Scholar CrossrefBennett, K. (2007). “No Sissy Stuff”: Towards a theory of masculinity and emotional expression in older widowed men. Journal of Aging Studies, 21, 347-156.
Google Scholar CrossrefBerger, P. L. & Luckman, T. (1999). La construcción social de la realidad. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu.
Google Scholar CrossrefBernard, R. (2006). Research methods in anthropology. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. In: R. Bernard (Eds.), Nonprobability sampling and choosing (pp186-209). Oxford: Altamira Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefBettencourt, B. A., & Miller, N. (1996). Gender differences in aggression as a function of provocation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 422–447.
Google Scholar CrossrefBrody, L.R., & Hall, J.A. (2008). Gender and emotions in context. The interface of emotional development whit social context. In. J. M. Lewys, Haviland-Jones & L. Feldman Barrett (Eds), HandBook of emotions (Third edition, pp. 395-408). New York-London. Third edition. The Guilford press.
Google Scholar CrossrefBrown, B. (2009). Men in nursing: Reevaluating masculinities, re-evaluating gender. Contemporary Nurse, 33, 120-129.
Google Scholar CrossrefBuck, R. (1977). Nonverbal communication accuracy in preschool children: Relationships with personality and skin conductance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 225–236.
Google Scholar CrossrefButler, J., & Lourties, M. (1998). Actos performativos y constitución del género: un ensayo sobre fenomenología y teoría feminista. Debate feminista, 9(18), 296-314. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42625381 2018/07/24
Google Scholar CrossrefBuzzanell, P., & Turner, L. (2003). Emotion Work Revealed by Job Loss Discourse: Backgrounding Foregrounding of Feelings, Construction of Normalcy, and (Re)instituting of Traditional Masculinities. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 31(1), 27-57. http://doi:10.1080/00909880305375
Google Scholar CrossrefCacho, L. (2018). #EllosHablan: Testimonios de hombres, la relación con sus padres, el machismo y la violencia. Penguin Random House: Grupo Editorial México.
Google Scholar CrossrefCano-Rodas, A. M., Motta Ariza, M. E., Valderrama Tibocha, L. E., & Gil Vargas, C. A. (2016). Jefatura masculina en hogares monoparentales: adaptaciones de los hombres a las necesidades de sus hijos. Revista Colombiana de Sociología, 39(1), 123-145. http://doi:10.15446/rcs.v39n1.56344
Google Scholar CrossrefCarrigan, T. B., Connell, R. W. & Lee, J. (1987). Toward a New Sociology of Masculinity. In H. Brod (Eds.), The Making of Masculinities the New Men’s Studies (pp. 63-100). Boston: Allen & Unwin.
Google Scholar CrossrefCastañeda, M. (2007). El machismo invisible regresa, México: Taurus.
Google Scholar CrossrefCeballos-Fernández, M. (2012). Indicadores aplicados a la visión dominante de la masculinidad por adolecentes de educación secundaria: la importancia del "deber ser" del hombre. Última década, 36, 141-162.
Google Scholar CrossrefChaplin, T. M., Cole, P. M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2005). Parental socialization of emotion expression: Gender differences and relations to child adjustment. Emotion, 5, 80–88.
Google Scholar CrossrefChili, S., & Maharaj, P. (2015). ‘Becoming a father’: perspectives and experiences of young men in Durban, South Africa. South African Review of Sociology, 46(3), 28-44. http://doi:10.1080/21528586.2015.1059775
Google Scholar CrossrefCoats, E. J., & Feldman, R. S. (1996). Gender differences in nonverbal correlates of social status. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1014–1022.
Google Scholar CrossrefConnell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. Berkeley / Los Angeles, University of California Press. [Connell, R. W. (2003). Masculinidades. México, PUEG / UNAM.]
Google Scholar CrossrefConnell, R. W. y J. W. Messerschmidt (2005). "Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept." Gender and Society, 19(6): 829-259.
Google Scholar CrossrefDay, K., Stump, C., & Carreon, D. (2003). Confrontation and loss of control: Masculinity and men’s fear in public space. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 311-322. http://doi:10.1016/S0272-4944(03)00024-0
Google Scholar CrossrefDepartamento Nacional de Estadística DANE. Available from: https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/servicios-al-ciudadano/servicios-informacion/estratificacion-socioeconomica Access: 2019/08/03.
Google Scholar CrossrefDimberg, U., & Lundquist, L. (1990). Gender differences in facial reactions to facial expressions. Biological Psychology, 30, 151–159.
Google Scholar CrossrefDoise, W., Clemence, A., Lorenzi Cioldi, F. (1993). The quantitative analysis of social representations. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Google Scholar CrossrefFischer, A.H., & Manstead, A.R. (2008). Social Funtions of emotion. In J. M, Lewys, Haviland-Jones & L, Feldman Barrett (Eds.), HandBook of emotions. (Third edition, pp. 456-479). New York-London. The Guilford Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefFlick, U. (2007). Managing quality in qualitative research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE, Ltd.
Google Scholar CrossrefFuller, N. (1998). La construcción social de género entre varones urbanos del Perú. In T. Valdés & J. Olavarría (Eds.), Masculinidades y equidad de género en América Latina (pp. 56–68). Santiago de Chile: Flacso.
Google Scholar CrossrefGaia, C. A. (2013). The role of gender stereotypes in the social acceptability of the expression of intimacy. The Social Science Journal, 50, 591-602. http://doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2013.08.006
Google Scholar CrossrefGordon, S.L (1990). Social Structural effects on emotions. In T. Kemper (Eds.), Research agendas in the sociology of emotions (pp145-179). New York. State University Of New York Press, Albany.
Google Scholar CrossrefGreen, J., & Addis, M. (2012). Individual Differences in Masculine Gender Socialization as Predictive of Men’s Psychophysiological Responses to Negative Affect. International Journal of Men´s Health, 11(1), 63-82. http://doi:10.3149/jmh.1101.63
Google Scholar CrossrefHanlon, Niall. (2012). Masculinities, Care and Equality. Identity and Nurture in Men’s Live. England: Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar CrossrefHolter, O. G. (2005). Social Theories for Researching Men and Masculinities: Direct Gender Hierarchy and Structural Inequality. In M. H. Kimmel, Jeff; Connell, R. W (Eds.), Handbook of Studies on Men & Masculinities (pp. 15-34). Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi, Sage Publications.
Google Scholar CrossrefKaplan, D. (2007). Folk Models of Dyadic Male Bonds in Israeli Culture. The Sociological Quarterly, 48(1), 47-72. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40220089?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents
Google Scholar CrossrefKimmel, J. M. H., & Connell, R. W. (2005). Critical Reseach on Men in Europe (CROME) Men, Masculinities, and "Europe". Handbook of Studies on Men & Masculinities. Thousand Oaks: London, New Delhi, Sage Publications.
Google Scholar CrossrefKimmel, M. (1997). Homofobia, temor, vergüenza y silencio en la identidad masculina. In T. Valdés & J. Olavarría (Eds.), Masculinidad/es (pp. 49-62). Santiago de Chile: Isis Internacional / Flacso – Chile.
Google Scholar CrossrefLewys, J.M., Haviland-Jones & Feldman Barrett, L. (2008). HandBook of emotions (3rd edition). New York-London: The Guilford Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefLey Estatutaria 1581 DE 2012. (octubre 17). Diario Oficial No. 48.587 de 18 de octubre de 2012. Congreso De La República de Colombia.
Google Scholar CrossrefLively, K. (2008). Emotional Segues and the Management of Emotion by Women and Men. Social Forces, 87(2), 911-936. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20430896
Google Scholar CrossrefManstead, A. S. R. (1991). Expressiveness as an individual individual difference. In R. S. Feldman & B. S. Rimé (Eds.), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 285–328). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefMendieta-Izquierdo, G., & Cuevas-Silva, J. M. (2019). Estrategias Metodológicas e Instrumentos de Abordaje sobre Estudios de Emociones en Hombres: Revisión Narrativa. Masculinities and Social Change,8(1), 66-90. http://doi:10.17583/MCS.2019.3738
Google Scholar CrossrefMeth, P. (2009). Marginalised men’s emotions: Politics and place. Geoforum, 40(5), 853-863. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2009.07.002
Google Scholar CrossrefMontes, V. (2013). The role of emotions in the construction of masculinity: Guatemalan migrant men, transational migration, and family relations. Gender & Society, 27(4), 469-490. http://doi:10.1177/0891243212470491
Google Scholar CrossrefMorse, J. (1991). Strategies for sampling. In J Morse (Ed.), Qualitative nursing research. A contemporary dialogue. (pp. 127-145). California: Newbury Park SAGE.
Google Scholar CrossrefOspina-Botero, M. (2007). Representaciones sociales de la masculinidad y su expresión en el ámbito familiar. Revista académica e institucional de la UCPR, 77, 69-84.
Google Scholar CrossrefOwen Pugh, V., & Allen, J. (2012). Accentuating the positive: The gendered identities of male problemdrinkers, and the questions these pose for the counselling profession. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 12(4), 267-275. http://doi:10.1080/14733145.2012.663777
Google Scholar CrossrefRamírez, J.C. (2019). “Me da mucho miedo esto”. Hombres, (des)empleo y familia: un acercamiento al vocabulario emocional. Revista Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de Género de El Colegio de México, 5, 30 de septiembre de 2019, e402, http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/reg.v5i0.402
Google Scholar CrossrefRamírez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos. (2005). Madejas entreveradas. Violencia, masculinidad y poder. Varones que ejercen violencia contra sus parejas. México, D.F.: Plaza y Valdés.
Google Scholar CrossrefRamírez-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos. (2014). Los hombres y las emociones: atisbos a partir de las relaciones de poder en la pareja. In A. J. Cuevas (Eds.), Familias, género y emociones. Aproximaciones interdisciplinarias (pp. 103-130). México: Universidad de Colima, Juan Pablos Editor.
Google Scholar CrossrefRandell, E., Jerdén, L., Öhman, A., Starrin, B., & Flacking, R. (2015). Tough, sensitive and sincere: how adolescent boys manage masculinities and emotions. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 1-13. http://doi:10.1080/02673843.2015.1106414
Google Scholar CrossrefRomney, A.K., Batchelder, W.H., Weller, D. C. (1987). Recenta pplications of consensus theory. Am Behav Sci, 31, 163–77.
Google Scholar CrossrefSaarni, C. (2008). The interface of emotional devlepment whit social context. In: HandBook of emotions. In J. M, Lewys, Haviland-Jones & L, Feldman Barrett (Eds.), HandBook of emotions. (Third edition, pp. 332-347). New York-London. The Guilford Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefScott, J. W. (1997). El género una categoría útil para el análisis histórico. In M. Lamas (Eds.), El género: la construcción cultural de la diferencia sexual (pp. 265-302). México: Porrua.
Google Scholar CrossrefSmith, J. (1993). Using Anthropac 3.5 and a spreadsheet to compute a free-list salience index. Cultural Anthropology Methods Newsletter, 5(3), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X9300500301
Google Scholar CrossrefStets, J.E., & Turner, J.H. (2008). The sociology of emotions. In: HandBook of emotions. In J. M, Lewys, Haviland-Jones & L, Feldman Barrett (Eds.), HandBook of emotions. (Third edition, pp. 17-33). New York-London. The Guilford Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefThomeer, M., Reczek, C., & Umberson, D. (2015). Gendered emotion work around physical health problems in mid- and later-life marriages. Journal of Aging Studies, 12, 12-22.
Google Scholar CrossrefUNESCO [internet]. Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos. 2005. Available from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001461/146180S.pdf Access: 2018/07/24.
Google Scholar CrossrefVaccaro, C., Schrock, D., & McCabe, J. (2011). Managing emotional manhood: fighting and fostering fear in mixed martial arts. Social Psychology Quarterly, 74(4), 414-437. http://doi:10.1177/0190272511415554
Google Scholar CrossrefVergès, P., Tyszka, T. & Verges, P. (1994). Noyau central, saillance et propriétés structurales. Papers on Social Representations, 3(1), 3-12.
Google Scholar CrossrefVilla, J. (2015). Cuerpo, masculinidad y estilo en jóvenes de sectores altos de Lima. Debates en Sociología, 40, 61-91.
Google Scholar CrossrefVogel, D. L., Wester, S. R., Heesacker, M., & Madon, S. (2003). Confirming gender stereotypes: A social role perspective. Sex Roles, 48, 519–528.
Google Scholar CrossrefWalton, C., Coyle, A., & Lyons, E. (2004). Death and football: An analysis of men’s talk about emotions. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 401- 416.
Google Scholar CrossrefWeller, S. C. (1988). Qualitative research methods. California. SAGE Publications. Newbury Park.
Google Scholar CrossrefWeller, S.C., Romney, A.K. (1998). Systematic data collection. Newbury Park: Sage Editorial.
Google Scholar CrossrefWilkins, A. (2012). “Not Out to Start a Revolution”: Race, Gender, and Emotional Restraint among Black University Men. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 41(1), 34-65. http://doi:10.1177/0891241611433053
Google Scholar CrossrefWu, T., Oliffe, J., Bungay, V., & Johnson, J. (2015). Male ICU Nurses’ Experiences of Taking Care of Dying Patients and Their Families: A Gender Analysis. American Journal of Men’s Health, 9(1), 44-52. http://doi:10.1177/1557988314528236
Google Scholar CrossrefDownloads
Published
Almetric
Dimensions
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles are published under Creative Commons copyright (CC BY). Authors hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles as the original source is cited.