"We are achieving this… Eliminating the violence and making us all Friends”. The power of friendships to generate peaceful coexistence in Sant Roc (Badalona)

Authors

https://doi.org/10.17583/ijrs.2020.5227

Keywords:


Downloads

Abstract

This article analyses the contribution of friendship between members of different cultures to improving peaceful coexistence in a vulnerable neighbourhood. Specifically, it analyses the personal friendship between Said, a member of the Pakistani community, and Tio Antonio, a member of the Roma community, as a turning point in improving the coexistence in a neighbourhood which had been experiencing conflictive situations and clashes between the residents for years, especially between the Roma and the Pakistani communities. This friendship has played a mediating role and served as an example for other friendships between members of the two communities, leading to the creation of a joined organization. This analysis contributes to the existing literature, where the role of personal friendship in the transformation of conflictive intercultural relations into peaceful, constructive ones has barely been explored.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ainscow, M., & Miles, S. (2009). Developing Inclusive Education Systems: How Can We Move Policies Forward? Manchester, UK: University of Manchester.

Google Scholar Crossref

Ajuntament de Badalona (2015, January). Nacionalidad de la Población por División Territorial de la Ciudad de Badalona. Retrieved from http://opendata.badalona.cat/badalona/es/catalog/POBLACIO

Google Scholar Crossref

Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books.

Google Scholar Crossref

Asher, S. R., Parker, J. G., & Walker, D. L. (1996). Distinguishing friendship from acceptance: Implications for intervention and assessment. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F.

Google Scholar Crossref

Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), Cambridge studies in social and emotional development. The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence (pp. 366-405). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Aydin, N., Krueger, J. I., Frey, D., Kastenmuller, A., & Fischer, P. (2013). Social Exclusion and Xenophobia: Intolerant Attitudes Toward Ethnic and Religious Minorities. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17(3), 371–387. doi: 10.1177/1368430213510569

Google Scholar Crossref

Berndt, T. J. (1996). Transitions in Friendship and Friends’ Influence. In J. A. Garber, J. Brooks-Gunn & A. C. Petersen (Eds.), Transitions Through Adolescence: Interpersonal Domains in Context (pp. 57–84). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Google Scholar Crossref

Bilge, N. (2019). Friend or Foe: Cultural Fusion Theory and Media Coverage of Syrian Refugees in Turkey. Communication Culture & Critique, 12(1), 110-127.

Google Scholar Crossref

Blank, M. J., Melaville, A., & Shah, B. P. (2003). Making the Difference: Research and Practice in Community Schools. Washington: Coalition for Community Schools.

Google Scholar Crossref

Blieszner, R.H., & Adams, R.G. (1992). Adult Friendship. California: Sage Publications.

Google Scholar Crossref

Boyle, M. H., Georgiades, K., Duncan, L., Wang, L., Comeau, J., & 2014 Ontario Child Health Study Team. (2019). Poverty, Neighbourhood Antisocial Behaviour, and Children’s Mental Health Problems: Findings from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 64(4), 285-293. doi: 10.1177/0706743719830027

Google Scholar Crossref

Bukowski, W. M., Motzoi, C., & Meyer, F. (2009). Friendship as process, function, and outcome. In K. H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Social, emotional, and personality development in context. Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (pp. 217-231). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Clemente, E. (2010, November 26). Badalona, un laboratorio explosivo. La Voz de Galicia. Retrieved from https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/espana/2010/11/26/badalona-laboratorio-explosivo/0003_8872807.htm

Google Scholar Crossref

Cole, W. M. (2018). Poor and powerless: Economic and political inequality in cross-national perspective, 1981–2011. International Sociology, 33(3), 357–385. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0268580918760430

Google Scholar Crossref

Demir, M., Şimşek, Ö. F., & Procsal, A. D. (2012). I Am so Happy ‘Cause My Best Friend Makes Me Feel Unique: Friendship, Personal Sense of Uniqueness and Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1201–1224. doi: 10.1007/s10902-012-9376-9

Google Scholar Crossref

DeScioli, P., & Kurzban, R. (2009). The Alliance Hypothesis for Human Friendship. PLoS ONE, 4(6), e5802. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005802

Google Scholar Crossref

Espinel, T., Santiago, D., & Algar, M. (2019). Diseñando e Implementado Políticas Públicas con y para la Comunidad Gitana. El Impacto Social del Plan Integral del Pueblo Gitano en Cataluña. International Journal of Roma Studies, 1(1), 84-119. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/ijrs.2019.3957

Google Scholar Crossref

European Commission. (2010). Combating poverty and social exclusion. a statistical portrait of the European Union 2010. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Google Scholar Crossref

EuroStat. (2020, January). People at risk of poverty or social exclusión. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/People_at_risk_of_poverty_or_social_exclusion

Google Scholar Crossref

Flecha, R., & Soler. M. (2013). Turning Difficulties into Possibilities: Engaging Roma families and Students in School through Dialogic Learning. Cambridge Journal of Education, 43(4), 451-465. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2013.819068

Google Scholar Crossref

Frankenberg, E., & Orfield, G. (2007). Lessons in Integration: Realizing the Promise of Racial Diversity in American Schools. Cambridge: The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University.

Google Scholar Crossref

Fundación FOESSA, & Caritas España. (2013). Desigualdad y derechos sociales: Análisis y perspectivas. Fundación FOESSA. Retrieved from http://www.caritas.es/imagesrepository/CapitulosPublicaciones/4551/Desigualdad%20y%20derechos%20sociales.%20Versión%20digital.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

Fundación FOESSA & Caritas. (2014). VII Informe sobre exclusión y desarrollo social en España. Retrieved from http://www.foessa2014.es/informe/uploaded/descargas/VII_INFORME.pdf.

Google Scholar Crossref

García-Carrión, R., Molina-Luque, F., & Roldán, S. M. (2018). How do vulnerable youth complete secondary education? The key role of families and the community. Journal of Youth Studies, 27(14), 701-716. doi: 10.1080/13676261.2017.1406660

Google Scholar Crossref

Gereluk, D., & Race, R. (2007). Multicultural Tensions in England, France and Canada: Contrasting Approaches and Consequences. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 17(1-2), 113–129. doi: 10.1080/09620210701433837

Google Scholar Crossref

Giner, E. (2018). Amistad Deseada. Barcelona: Hipatia Editorial.

Google Scholar Crossref

Girbés-Peco, S., Renta, A.I., De Botton, L., & Álvarez, P. (2018). The Montserrat’s neighbourhood dream: involving Moroccan residents in a school-based community development process in urban Spain. Social & Cultural Geography,(Published online). doi: 10.1080/14649365.2018.1509112

Google Scholar Crossref

Gomez, A. (2014). How Friendship Generates Key Research Questions That Help to Overcome Gender-Based Violence A Personal Narrative. Qualitative Inquiry, 20(7), 934-940. doi: /10.1177/1077800414537220

Google Scholar Crossref

Gomez, A., Puigvert, L., & Flecha, R. (2011). Critical communicative methodology: informing real social transformation through research. Qualitative Inquiry 17(3), 235–245. doi: 10.1177/1077800410397802

Google Scholar Crossref

Gomez, A., Racionero, S., & Sordé, T. (2010). Ten years of critical communicative methodology. International Review of Qualitative Research, 3(1), 17–43. doi: 0.1525/irqr.2010.3.1.17

Google Scholar Crossref

Greene, J. (2014). Managing Poverty, Managing Dissent: Homeless Politics and Collective Action in London. Policy & Politics, 42(3), 315–331. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557312X655936

Google Scholar Crossref

Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action. V. 1. Reason and the rationalization of society. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Harper, G. W., Dolcini, M. M., & Benhorin, S. (2014). The Benefits of a Friendship-Based HIV/STI Prevention Intervention for African American Youth. Youth & Society, 46(5), 591–622. doi: 10.1177/0044118X12444210

Google Scholar Crossref

Hartup, W. W., & Stevens, N. (1999). Friendships and Adaptation Across the Life Span. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(3), 76–79. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.00018

Google Scholar Crossref

Hassan, H. M. (2015). Extraordinary Politics of Ordinary People: Explaining the Microdynamics of Popular Committees in Revolutionary Cairo. International Sociology, 30(4), 383-400. doi: 10.1177/0268580915585238

Google Scholar Crossref

Ho, K.H., & Chua, V. (2017). The neighbourhood roots of social cohesion: Notes on an exceptional case of Singapore. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(2), 290-312. doi: 10.1177/2399654417710659

Google Scholar Crossref

Housing Europe Observatory. (2018). Housing & Migration. Research briefing. Brussels: European Comission. Retrieved from http://www.housingeurope.eu/resource-1179/pathways-to-social-inclusion

Google Scholar Crossref

Human Rights Watch (2014). World Report 2014: European Union. Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/es/world-report/2014/country-chapters/121983

Google Scholar Crossref

Jones, R. M., Vaterlaus, J. M., Jackson, M. A., & Morrill, T. B. (2014). Friendship Characteristics, Psychosocial Development, and Adolescent Identity Formation. Personal Relationships, 21(1), 51–67. doi: 10.1111/pere.12017

Google Scholar Crossref

Lee, P. W. (2006). Bridging cultures: Understanding the construction of relational identity in intercultural friendship. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 35(1), 3-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17475740600739156

Google Scholar Crossref

MacDonald, R., Shildrick, T., Webster, C., & Simpson, D. (2005). Growing up in poor neighbourhoods: The significance of class and place in the extended transitions of ‘socially excluded’young adults. Sociology, 39(5), 873-891. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038505058370

Google Scholar Crossref

Matsaganis, M., & Leventi, C. (2014). The Distributional Impact of Austerity and the Recession in Southern Europe. South European Society and Politics, 19(3), 393–412. doi 10.1080/13608746.2014.947700

Google Scholar Crossref

Meleady, R., & Vermue, M. (2019). The effect of intergroup contact on solidarity‐based collective action is mediated by reductions in SDO. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 49(5), 307-318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12586

Google Scholar Crossref

Millen, K., Dorn, B., & Luckner, J. L. (2019). Friendships and Self-Determination Among Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. American annals of the deaf, 163(5), 576-595. doi: 10.1353/aad.2019.0004

Google Scholar Crossref

Ministerio de fomento. (2006). Informe de Descripción Urbanística. Gobierno de España Retrieved from http://habitat.aq.upm.es/bbvv/fichas/2006/fu-barrios/fu06_08015001.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

Morrison, N. (2003). Neighbourhoods and Social Cohesion: Experiences from Europe. International Planning Studies, 8(2), 115-138. doi: 10.1080/13563470305154

Google Scholar Crossref

Nicolae, V. (2006). Towards a Definition of Anti-Romaism. Brussels: ERGO Network.

Google Scholar Crossref

Observatorio de la Vulnerabilidad Urbana. (2011). Atlas de la Vulnerabilidad Urbana. Retrieved from http://atlasvulnerabilidadurbana.fomento.es/

Google Scholar Crossref

Organización de Consumidores y Usuarios (OCU). (2012). Informe de Calidad de Vida de las Ciudades: Ha empeorado. Retrieved from http://www.ocu.org/consumo-familia/nc/informe/calidad-ciudades/5

Google Scholar Crossref

Peruzzi, A. (2014). From Childhood Deprivation to Adult Social Exclusion: Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study. Social Indicators Research, 120(1), 117–135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0581-2

Google Scholar Crossref

Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2008). How Does Intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta-analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(6), 922–934. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.504

Google Scholar Crossref

Puigvert, L., Christou, M., & Holford, J. (2012). Critical communicative methodology: including vulnerable voices in research through dialogue. Cambridge Journal of Education, 42, 513–526. doi: 10.1080/0305764XX.2012.733341

Google Scholar Crossref

Ramis, M.M. (2018). Contributions of Freire’s Theory to Dialogic Education. Social and Education History, 7(3), 277-299. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/hse.2018.3749

Google Scholar Crossref

Requena, J. (2003). “La peor casa en el peor barrio”. Barrios de inmigración y marginalidad en la periferia urbana de Barcelona. El caso de Badalona. Scripta Nova, 146(058). Retrieved from http://www.ub.edu/geocrit/sn/sn-146(058).htm

Google Scholar Crossref

Rusch, D., Frazier, S. L., & Atkins, M. (2015). Building capacity within community-based organizations: new directions for mental health promotion for latino immigrant families in urban poverty. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 42(1), 1–5. doi: 10.1007/s10488-014-0549-1

Google Scholar Crossref

Serra, P., & Smilges, A. (2013). Effects of the Economic Crisis on the Foreign Population in the Municipality of Badalona in 2010. Revista Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, 1(1), 488-520. doi: 10.3989/estgeogr.201323

Google Scholar Crossref

Saegert, S., Thompson, P., & Warren, M. R. (2002). The Role of Social Capital in Combating Poverty. En S. Saegert, P. Thompson y M. R. Warren (Eds.), Social Capital and Poor Communities (pp. 1-30). Russell Sage Foundation: New York.

Google Scholar Crossref

Sánchez Aroca, M. (2005). Estudi sobre la población gitana de Catalunya. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya. Retrieved from http://treballiaferssocials.gencat.cat/web/.content/01departament/08publicacions/ambits_tematics/serveis_socials/08estudipoblaciogitanacat05/2005estudipoblaciogitanacat.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

Save the Children (2014). Child Poverty and Social Exclusion in Europe. Save the Children. Retrieved from https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/child-poverty-and-social-exclusion-in-europe-low-res.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

Silk, J. B. (2003). Cooperation withouth counting. The puzle of Friendsship. In P. Hammerstein (Ed), Genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation. (pp. 37-54). Boston:MIT Press.

Google Scholar Crossref

Talaslampi, H., Jahnukainen, M., & Manninen, M. (2019). The factors that contribute educational outcomes of adolescents placed in care due to severe behavioral problems. Children and Youth Services Review, 102, 210-221. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.05.021

Google Scholar Crossref

Taylor, J. J., Grant, K. E., Amrhein, K., Carter, J. S., Farahmand, F., Harrison, A., Thomas, K., Carleton, R., Lugo-Hernandez, E., & Katz, B. N. (2014). The Manifestation of Depression in the Context of Urban Poverty: A Factor. Psychological Assessment, 26(4), 1317-32. doi: 10.1037/a0037435

Google Scholar Crossref

Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (1996). Friendship and the Banker’s Paradox: Other Pathways to the Evolution of Adaptations for Altruism. Proceedings of the British Academy, 88, 119-143. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1bf4/f9c7c3b3d6149fae4c8a9c0621f2ccc2e072.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

Tilly, L. (2012). Having friends-they help you when you are stuck from money, friends and making ends meet research group. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40(2), 128-133. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2012.00739.x

Google Scholar Crossref

Tudela, J. (1995). Sant Roc. Badalona (Els barris d’ADIGSA). Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.

Google Scholar Crossref

UN. (2012). World Urbanisation Prospects: The 2011 Revision, Data Tables and Highlights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/WUP2011_Report.pd

Google Scholar Crossref

Wilson W. J. (1996). When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Random House.

Google Scholar Crossref

Wong, H. (2006). Human capital, social capital and social exclusion: Impacts on the opportunity of households with youth to leave poverty. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 18(3), 521-534. Retrieved from https://web.swk.cuhk.edu.hk/~hwong/pubfile/journal/2006_Human_Capital_Social_Capital_and_Social_Exclusion_IJAMH.pdf

Google Scholar Crossref

Downloads

Published

2020-03-15

Almetric

Dimensions

How to Cite

Villarejo-Carballido, B., Garcia Yeste, C., Ramis, M. del M., & Ruiz-Eugenio, L. (2020). "We are achieving this… Eliminating the violence and making us all Friends”. The power of friendships to generate peaceful coexistence in Sant Roc (Badalona). International Journal of Roma Studies, 2(1), 64–87. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijrs.2020.5227