Understanding Universal Vouchers and Urban Public Schools in Santiago de Chile: Educational Administrators’ Responses to Choice
https://doi.org/10.17583/remie.2015.1461
Keywords:
Downloads
Abstract
In this study we examine how school leaders in urban districts have responded to the Chilean universal school voucher system. We conducted interviews with public district school officials and principals in Santiago, Chile. We found that school leaders in the wealthy public schools have confronted the market policy by implementing similar cream-skimming measures as private-voucher schools. In comparison, the poorer public-municipal schools are not able to select their students. The respondents in our study elucidated that parent and student choice is limited because specific family and student characteristics (i.e. SES background, test scores), as well as the family/student residence within the city (in a relatively wealthy or poor section of the city) influence the spectrum of opportunities a student will have and the school he/she will enter. As a result, the voucher system introduces educational opportunities for students who have the capital (pecuniary and non-pecuniary) to enable a move from one public school to another within an area, from a public school to private-voucher school within an area, from one district to another, or from a public school within an area to a private school within another district.
Downloads
References
Auguste, S., & Valenzuela, J. P. (2004). Do students benefit from school competition? The Chilean experience. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, MI.
Google Scholar CrossrefAuthors (2014). Understanding How Universal Vouchers Have Impacted Urban School Districts’ Enrollment in Chile. Education Policy Analysis Archives. Vol. 22, No 72, pp. 1- 39.
Google Scholar CrossrefBellei, C. (2009). The public-private controversy in Chile. In Chakrabarti, R. & Peterson. P. (eds.), School choice international, exploring public-private partnerships (pp.165- 192). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefBravo, D., Contreras, D., & Sanhueza, C. (1999). Rendimiento educacional, desigualdad y brecha de desempeño público/privado: Chile 1982’ 1997. Departamento de Economía, Universidad de Chile.
Google Scholar CrossrefCarnoy, M. (1998). National Voucher Plans in Chile and Sweden: Did Privatization Reforms Make for Better Education? Comparative Education Review. Vol. 42, No 3, pp. 309-337.
Google Scholar CrossrefChubb, J. E., & Moe, T. M. (1990). Politics, markets, and America’s schools. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution.
Google Scholar CrossrefElacqua, G. (2006). Enrollment practices in response to vouchers: Evidence from Chile. Working paper. Santiago de Chile: Universidad Adolfo Ibañez.
Google Scholar CrossrefFriedman, M. (1962). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefGallego, F. (2002). Competencia y resultados educativos: Teoría y evidencia para Chile. Working paper N 150: Central Bank of Chile.
Google Scholar CrossrefGallego, F. (2004). School choice, incentives, and academic outcomes: Evidence for Chile. Working paper: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Google Scholar CrossrefGauri, V. (1998). School choice in Chile: Two decades of educational reform. Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh University Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefGewirtz, S., Ball, S., & Bowe, R. (1995). Markets, choice and equity in education. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefGoldhaber, D. D. (1999). School choice: An examination of the empirical evidence on achievement, parental decision making, and equity. Educational Researcher, 28(9), 16-25.
Google Scholar CrossrefHartas, D. (2010). Educational research and inquiry: qualitative and quantitative approaches. New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Google Scholar CrossrefHsieh, C., & Urquiola, M. (2004). When schools compete, how do they compete? An assessment of Chile's nationwide school voucher program. (Working Paper No. 10008). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Google Scholar CrossrefHsieh, Ch., & Urquiola, M. (2006). The effects of generalized school choice on achievement and stratification: Evidence from Chile’s voucher program. Journal of Public Economics, 90, 1477-1503.
Google Scholar CrossrefLadd, H. (2003). Chapter 1: Introduction. In: Plank D. & Sykes G. (eds.) Choosing Choice: School Choice in International Perspective. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefLadner, M., & Brouillette, M. (2000). The impact of limited school choice on public school districts. Midland, MI: Mackinac Center for Public Policy.
Google Scholar CrossrefLarrañaga, O., Peirano, C., & Falck, D. (2009a). Una mirada al interior del sector district. In: Marcel M. / Raczynski D. (eds.) La asignatura pendiente: Claves para la revalidación de la educación pública de gestión local en Chile. Santiago de Chile: Uqbar Editores.
Google Scholar CrossrefLarrañaga, O., Peirano, C., & Falck, D. (2009b). La gestión de la educación district y si efecto en los resultados de enseñanza. In: Marcel M. / Raczynski D. (eds.) La asignatura pendiente: Claves para la revalidación de la educación pública de gestión local en Chile. Santiago de Chile: Uqbar Editores.
Google Scholar CrossrefLincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. In D.D. Williams (Ed.), Naturalistic evaluation (pp. 73-84), New Directions for Program Evaluation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Google Scholar CrossrefLubienski, C. (2005). School choice as a civil right: District responses to competition and equal educational opportunity. Equity and Excellence in Education, 38(4), 331–41.
Google Scholar CrossrefLubienski, C., Gulosino, C., & Weitzel, P. (2009). School choice and competitive incentives: Mapping the distribution of educational opportunities across local education markets. American Journal of Education, 115(4), 601- 647.
Google Scholar CrossrefMcEwan, P. J., & Carnoy, M. (2000). The effectiveness and efficiency of private schools in Chile's voucher system. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 22(3), 213- 239.
Google Scholar CrossrefMinistry of Education: Research and Statistics Department (2015) National Education Statistics [Data files]. Retrieved from: http://centroestudios.mineduc.cl/index.php?t=96&i=2&cc=2036&tm=2
Google Scholar CrossrefMizala, A., & Romaguera, P. (2000). School performance and choice: The Chilean experience. The Journal of Human Resources, 35(2), 392-417.
Google Scholar CrossrefMizala, A., & Romaguera, P. (2003). Equity and educational performance. Working Paper No. 136. Centro de Ecomomía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
Google Scholar CrossrefMoustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Google Scholar CrossrefMuñoz, D. (2015) La educación municipal sale a buscar alumnos. La Tercera. Retrieved from: http://diario.latercera.com/2015/02/22/01/contenido/pais/31-184100-9-la-educacion-municipal-sale-a-buscar-alumnos.shtml
Google Scholar CrossrefNeal, D. (2002). How vouchers could change the market for education. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4), 25-44.
Google Scholar CrossrefNechyba, T. (2000). Mobility, targeting and private school vouchers. American Economic Review, 1, 79- 86.
Google Scholar CrossrefParry, T. R. (1996). Will pursuit of higher quality sacrifice equal opportunity in education? An analysis of the education voucher system in Santiago. Social Science Quarterly (University of Texas Press), 77(4), 821-841.
Google Scholar CrossrefPatton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar CrossrefPeterson, P. (2009). Chapter 14: Voucher impacts, differences between public and private schools. In Berends (all names) (Eds.) Handbook of research on school choice (pp.). New York, NY: Routledge.
Google Scholar CrossrefRaczynski, D., & Salinas, D. (2009). Prioridades, actores y procesos en la gestión district de educación. In: La Asignatura Pendiente: Claves para la revalidación de la educación pública de gestión local en Chile. Santiago: Uqbar Editores.
Google Scholar CrossrefSahlberg, P. (2011). Finnish lessons. What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? New York: Teachers College Press.
Google Scholar CrossrefSalinas, D., & Raczynski, D. (2009). ¿Cómo se hace realmente gestión educativa district? In: La Asignatura Pendiente: Claves para la revalidación de la educación pública de gestión local en Chile. Santiago: Uqbar Editores.
Google Scholar CrossrefSapelli, C., & Vial, B. (2002). The performance of private and public schools in the Chilean education system. Cuadernos de Economía, 39(118), 423- 454.
Google Scholar CrossrefSugarman, S. (1999). School choice and public funding. In S. Sugarman & F. Kemerer (Eds.) School choice and social controversy: Politics, policy and law (pp ). Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
Google Scholar CrossrefTorche, F. (2005). Privatization reform and inequality of educational opportunity: The case of Chile. Sociology of Education, 78(4), 316- 343.
Google Scholar CrossrefValenzuela, J. P., Bellei, C., & De los Ríos, D. (2006). Evolución de la Segregación Socioeconómica de los Estudiantes Chilenos y su relación con el Financiamiento Compartido. FONIDE: Ministerio de Educación de Chile.
Google Scholar CrossrefWylie, C. (1994). Self managing schools in New Zealand: the fifth year. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
Google Scholar CrossrefWylie, C. (1995). Contrary currents: the application of the public sector reform framework in education. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 20(2), 149- 164.
Google Scholar CrossrefWylie, C. (1997). Self managing schools seven years on: What we have learnt? Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
Google Scholar CrossrefDownloads
Published
Almetric
Dimensions
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
All articles are published under Creative Commons copyright (CC BY). Authors hold the copyright and retain publishing rights without restrictions, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles as the original source is cited.